Diarrhoea remains a national health problem due to the frequency and mortality rate remains high. At five in Indonesia, on average, experience diarrhea 2-3 times a year. With the introduction of oral rehydration salts, the mortality rate from diarrhea has been reduced significantly. However, children suffering from malnutrition remain high, which may be the result of diarrheal diseases in children among others. Here are briefly described in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in the home.
Bowel habits in children
In general, children defecate as often as three times a day, often rare, and rarely as once every three days. forms fecal stool water. under normal conditions, a chair like a banana. Seen from the water content of the feces of “liquid” water level (the highest is varied, usually occurs in acute diarrhea), “soft” (like porridge), “form” (normal stool, such as banana) and hard (with a little water in a state of constipation). drink in infants of 0-2 months, not to mention the milk, the incidence of colon cancer more often, which can be 80-10 times a day with watery, frothy and smells sour. While the baby’s weight gain to normal, is not to be classified as diarrhea, but it is a temporary lactose intolerance due to incomplete development of the device tract.
of normal stool color is yellow-green, but can vary depending on the foods consumed by children. Surprisingly, when the red chair (possibly in the blood) or black (probably old blood / frozen), or white as putty (in heart disease).
When called to diarrhea?
Children diagnosed with diarrhea, if the amount of waste water “thinner” and “more” than usual. Child diarrhea fecal mucus and blood, according to their cause. Other symptoms are fever and vomiting follow. Sometimes symptoms of vomiting and fever symptoms mencretnya above.
The symptoms of diarrhea
Since the occurrence of diarrhea and vomiting continuously, at first the child will feel thirsty due to dehydration (lack of body fluids) with ease. If not helped, dehydration and severe symptoms appeared: children seem whiny, insecure, and could be a severe dehydration unconscious. Sunken eyes looked sunken fontanelle (in children), dry lips and tongue, does not seem to mourn tears, but if the elasticity of the skin, reduces the stomach twists pinched weakened, or no palpable pulse, cold hands and feet, and a decrease in the urine. In a state of severe dehydration, shortness of breath appear, because its deficiency alkaline body (acidosis) suffers. If there is a lack of electrolytes can attack.
The principle of treatment of diarrhea
Diarrhea can cause dehydration and death if not treated properly and could stunting (malnutrition spark) if enough nutrition therapy given. Most of diarrhea in children cope (self-limited disease), provided that prevents the occurrence of dehydration, which is the cause of death. Therefore, the principle of treating diarrhea:
Serum: you can replace lost fluids by mouth (to drink) or intravenously (for dehydration).
The provision of adequate food: Do not give children receive food memuasakan before the disease should continue, including breastfeeding. In mild diarrhea that are not reimbursed formula are required.
Drug Administration to a minimum. Most of diarrhea in infants recover without antibiotics and antidiarrheals. Even antibiotics can cause chronic diarrhea.
The treatment begins at home?
When children suffer from diarrhea and dehydration have no intention of suffering, immediately giving as much as 10 ml per kilogram of body weight every time the diarrhea can lose body fluids with the president is going to be replaced to prevent dehydration drink, which prevents the occurrence of death. SRO liquids should have been available on the market today, for example, 200 ml of oral rehydration salts, ORS-I-liter Pharolit 200-200 orality and ready to drink ORS solution be given, such as Pedialyte and Renalyte. If not available, and in solution, which can be done at home, such as saline solution or salt, sugar and starch are used (see Table 1).
Table 1 To create a solution of salt, sugar and starch-salt solution
Salt-sugar solution
Salt-starch solution
Materials consist of a teaspoon of sugar, one fourth teaspoon salt and 1 cup (200ml) of boiling water.
After the mixture evenly for a glass of salt-sugar solution to be used.
Materials consist of six (six) munjung tablespoons (100 grams) of rice flour, 1 (one) teaspoon (5 grams) of salt, 2 (two) liters of water. After boiling until cooked saline force is required, it is ready for use.
dehydration occurred, SRO minumkanlah 50-100 ml (depending on the severity of dehydration) per kilogram of body weight within three hours to treat dehydration and diarrhea, if given more oral rehydration salts as above , ie 10 ml per kilogram of body weight and diarrhea (see Table 2).
How to understand the situation of children has improved, and should not be taken to the doctor? Course to improve the above symptoms. Knowledge of children improved, disappearing his thirst, mouth and lips began to be damp, urinate a lot, skin and stomach improves the firmness.
If a clinic or a doctor called?
Children referred to a clinic or a doctor if:
Vomiting continuously so that no advantage is given ORS expected
The diarrhea is so strong and continuous supply of oral rehydration salts predicted less successful
There are signs of dehydration (sunken eyes, lack of turgor, cold hands and feet, not consciously).
Prevention of diarrhea
Diarrhea is usually caused by four F, ie, food, feces, flies, and the transfer rate. Therefore, the prevention of diarrheal diseases practical to break the transmission chain. Some efforts are easy to apply:
Hygienic food
The potable water supply
Personal Care
Wash hands before eating
Exclusive breastfeeding
Lee in his place (toilet, sinks)
Adequate waste
Fight not get attacked flight food
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Tags: Diarrhea, Salt-Sugar Solution, Toddler
